Branches of Biology

• Aerobiology — the study of airborne organic particles
• Agriculture — the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications
• Anatomy — the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans
• Astrobiology — the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe—also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy
• Biochemistry — the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
• Bioengineering — the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology
• Bioinformatics — the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
• Biomathematics or Mathematical Biology — the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling
• Biomechanics — often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through prosthetics or orthotics
• Biomedical research — the study of the human body in health and disease
• Biophysics — the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences
• Biotechnology — a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology
• Building biology — the study of the indoor living environment
• Botany — the study of plants
• Cell biology — the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
• Conservation Biology — the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
• Cryobiology — the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings.
• Developmental biology — the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
• Ecology — the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
• Embryology — the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth). See also topobiology.
• Entomology — the study of insects
• Environmental Biology — the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity
• Epidemiology — a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of populations
• Ethology — the study of animal behavior
• Evolutionary Biology — the study of the origin and descent of species over time
• Genetics — the study of genes and heredity
• Herpetology — the study of reptiles and amphibians
• Histology — the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
• Ichthyology — the study of fish
• Integrative biology — the study of whole organisms
• Limnology — the study of inland waters
• Mammalogy — the study of mammals
• Marine Biology — the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
• Microbiology — the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
• Molecular Biology — the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
• Mycology — the study of fungi
• Neurobiology — the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology
• Oceanography — the study of the ocean, including ocean life, environment, geography, weather, and other aspects influencing the ocean
• Oncology — the study of cancer processes, including virus or mutation oncogenesis, angiogenesis and tissues remoldings
• Ornithology — the study of birds
• Population biology — the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including
  • Population ecology — the study of how population dynamics and extinction
  • Population genetics — the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms
• Paleontology — the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
• Pathobiology or pathology — the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
• Parasitology — the study of parasites and parasitism
• Pharmacology — the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines
• Physiology — the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms
• Phytopathology — the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
• Psychobiology — the study of the biological bases of psychology
• Sociobiology — the study of the biological bases of sociology
• Structural biology — a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
• Virology — the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents
• Zoology — the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior (See also Entomology, Ethology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, and Ornithology)